{"id": "las-vegas-nv", "label": "Las Vegas, NV", "city": "Las Vegas", "state": "NV", "county": "Clark County", "geography": "multi-district metro", "population": 679817, "researched_on": "2026-09-09", "pipeline_version": "2.1.0", "model": "grok-4.6", "counts": {"total": 78, "sourced": 30, "derived": 30, "estimated": 18}, "gaps": 2, "citations": {"checked": 20, "passed": 13, "failed": 7}, "research_cost_usd": 3.9665, "summary": "This is a planning tool, not a prediction. Of the 78 numbers behind a season in Las Vegas, 30 are published figures, 30 are worked out from published figures, and 18 are our own estimates. 42 of them were read straight out of a federal file that covers every city in the country, so there was no citation to trust and no page to misread. You can change any of them. Your result is only as good as the numbers you agree with.", "pack": {"id": "las-vegas-nv", "city": "Las Vegas", "state": "NV", "label": "Las Vegas, NV", "county": "Clark County", "geography_type": "multi-district metro", "researched_on": "2026-09-09", "pipeline_version": "2.1.0", "model": "grok-4.6", "records": [{"id": "population", "label": "People living here", "value": 679817, "unit": "people", "basis": "sourced", "why": "US Census Bureau vintage 2025 population estimate for Las Vegas city, Nevada.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "US Census Bureau, Subcounty Population Estimates", "date": "2025", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/cities/totals/sub-est2025.csv", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-07", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "SUMLEV 162, GEOID 3240000 -- Las Vegas city, Nevada"}, "range": [339908, 1359634], "editable": true, "theme": "people", "bulk": true}, {"id": "land_area_sqmi", "label": "How big the city is", "value": 141.865, "unit": "sq mi", "basis": "sourced", "why": "Census Bureau Gazetteer land area for Las Vegas city. Water is excluded.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "US Census Bureau Gazetteer", "date": "2025", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2025_Gazetteer/2025_gaz_place_32.txt", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-07", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "GEOID 3240000 -- Las Vegas city"}, "range": [70.9, 283.7], "editable": true, "theme": "people", "bulk": true}, {"id": "density", "label": "People per square mile", "value": 4792, "unit": "people/sq mi", "basis": "derived", "why": "How tightly packed the town is, which is what decides how far an average trip runs and how much empty driving there is between fares.", "math": "679,817 residents divided by 141.865 square miles of land = 4,792 people per square mile.", "source": null, "range": [1916, 11980], "editable": true, "theme": "people", "bulk": true}, {"id": "metro_population", "label": "People in the surrounding county", "value": 2407226, "unit": "people", "basis": "sourced", "why": "US Census Bureau vintage 2025 estimate for Clark County, Nevada. This is the pool a fleet actually draws on, because trips do not stop at the city line.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "US Census Bureau, County Population Estimates", "date": "2025", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/counties/totals/co-est2025-alldata.csv", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-07", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "SUMLEV 050, GEOID 32003 -- Clark County, Nevada"}, "range": [1203613, 4814452], "editable": true, "theme": "people", "bulk": true}, {"id": "airport_name", "label": "Airport name", "value": "Harry Reid International", "unit": "", "basis": "sourced", "why": "The nearest commercial service airport to this city in the FAA's own traffic file, matched by distance from the Census Bureau's internal point for the city rather than by name.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "FAA, CY2024 Passenger Boarding (Enplanement) Data for U.S. Airports", "date": "CY2024", "url": "https://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/passenger_allcargo_stats/passenger/arp-cy2024-commercial-service-enplanements.xlsx", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-07", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "Locid LAS -- Harry Reid International, Las Vegas NV"}, "range": null, "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "airport"}, {"id": "airport_code", "label": "Airport code", "value": "LAS", "unit": "", "basis": "sourced", "why": "The FAA location identifier, which is the key this pack joins the traffic file and the airport coordinate file on.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "FAA, CY2024 Passenger Boarding (Enplanement) Data for U.S. Airports", "date": "CY2024", "url": "https://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/passenger_allcargo_stats/passenger/arp-cy2024-commercial-service-enplanements.xlsx", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-07", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "Locid LAS -- Harry Reid International, Las Vegas NV"}, "range": null, "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "airport"}, {"id": "airport_passengers_year", "label": "Passengers boarding a year", "value": 28244966, "unit": "enplanements/year", "basis": "sourced", "why": "FAA calendar year 2024 ENPLANEMENTS -- passengers BOARDING, which is about half of the arrivals-plus-departures figure an airport press release quotes. This is the federal count, read out of the FAA's own file.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "FAA, CY2024 Passenger Boarding (Enplanement) Data for U.S. Airports", "date": "CY2024", "url": "https://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/passenger_allcargo_stats/passenger/arp-cy2024-commercial-service-enplanements.xlsx", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-07", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "Locid LAS -- Harry Reid International, Las Vegas NV"}, "range": [14122483, 56489932], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "airport"}, {"id": "airport_traffic_change_pct", "label": "Change in airport traffic, 2023 to 2024", "value": 1.3, "unit": "%", "basis": "derived", "why": "Whether the airport is growing or shrinking, which says more about the direction of airport ride demand than the level does.", "math": "FAA CY2024 enplanements 28,244,966 against CY2023 27,896,199, both from the same file (https://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/passenger_allcargo_stats/passenger/arp-cy2024-commercial-service-enplanements.xlsx): (28,244,966 - 27,896,199) / 27,896,199 = 1.3%.", "source": null, "range": [-50, 50], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "airport"}, {"id": "airport_distance_mi", "label": "Airport distance from the city centre", "value": 12.3, "unit": "mi", "basis": "derived", "why": "STRAIGHT-LINE miles from the Census Bureau's internal point for the city to the FAA's published coordinate for the airport. A road trip is longer -- there is no routing engine here and we do not pretend there is -- so treat this as the floor.", "math": "Great-circle distance between the city's Census internal point (36.233499, -115.264037, from the Census Gazetteer place file) and the FAA's airport coordinate (36.080348, -115.152460, from https://services6.arcgis.com/ssFJjBXIUyZDrSYZ/arcgis/rest/services/US_Airport/FeatureServer/0) = 12.3 miles. Straight line, not road miles.", "source": null, "range": [6.1, 30.7], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "airport"}, {"id": "power_state_avg", "label": "Average price of electricity in this state", "value": 0.1311, "unit": "$/kWh", "basis": "sourced", "why": "The EIA's own average price to residential customers across Nevada in June 2026. This is the all-in price actually billed, averaged over every utility in the state -- not a tariff line.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "US Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Monthly, Table 5.6.A", "date": "June 2026", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/xls/table_5_06_a.xlsx", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-07", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "Nevada, June 2026"}, "range": [0.066, 0.262], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "power"}, {"id": "power_state_avg_commercial", "label": "Average business electricity price in this state", "value": 0.0983, "unit": "$/kWh", "basis": "sourced", "why": "The same EIA table, commercial sector. A depot charging cars overnight is billed on a commercial tariff, not a residential one, so this is usually the closer comparison.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "US Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Monthly, Table 5.6.A", "date": "June 2026", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/xls/table_5_06_a.xlsx", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-07", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "Nevada, June 2026"}, "range": [0.049, 0.197], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "power"}, {"id": "power_state_avg_ytd", "label": "Average electricity price this year so far", "value": 0.1379, "unit": "$/kWh", "basis": "sourced", "why": "The same EIA series averaged across the year to date rather than a single month. A tool that models a whole season should lean on this one: a single month can be 5% off the year in either direction, and June 2026 YTD is a season, not a day.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "US Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Monthly, Table 5.6.B (year to date)", "date": "June 2026 YTD", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/monthly/xls/table_5_06_b.xlsx", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-07", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "Nevada, June 2026 YTD"}, "range": [0.069, 0.276], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "power"}, {"id": "power_utility", "label": "Electric utility", "value": "Nevada Power Co", "unit": "", "basis": "sourced", "why": "The electric utility whose EIA-861 service territory includes Clark County, NV -- the same county this city sits in. Matched on the county, not on the utility's trading name. 8 utilities file a service territory in this county; this is the largest by customers and the others are listed in power_utility_alternatives.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "US Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-861 2024, service territory and sales to ultimate customers", "date": "2024", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia861/zip/f8612024.zip", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-07", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "utility Nevada Power Co (#13407), Clark County County rows, NV"}, "range": null, "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "power"}, {"id": "power_utility_alternatives", "label": "Other utilities in this county", "value": "Valley Electric Assn, Inc (22,368 customers); Overton Power District No 5 (15,545 customers); City of Boulder City - (NV) (7,145 customers); Aha Macav Power Service (284 customers)", "unit": "", "basis": "sourced", "why": "Every other utility whose EIA-861 service territory covers this county. A city on the edge of a county can be on any of them, so the choice is shown rather than hidden.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "US Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-861 2024, service territory and sales to ultimate customers", "date": "2024", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia861/zip/f8612024.zip", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-07", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "utility Nevada Power Co (#13407), Clark County County rows, NV"}, "range": null, "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "power"}, {"id": "power_utility_rate", "label": "What this utility's residential customers pay on average", "value": 0.1533, "unit": "$/kWh", "basis": "derived", "why": "Revenue divided by sales for Nevada Power Co, out of the EIA's own annual file. Bundled service only: a delivery-only row charges a delivery fee against the full kilowatt-hours and folding it in produces a rate nobody is billed.", "math": "Form EIA-861 2024 for Nevada Power Co: residential revenue of $1,615,271.8 thousand against 10,535,373 MWh sold. (1,615,271.8 x 1,000 dollars) / (10,535,373 x 1,000 kWh) = $0.1533 a kWh. This is the utility's own average across its whole residential class -- it is not a tariff, and a customer on a particular rate schedule will pay more or less.", "source": null, "range": [0.077, 0.307], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "power"}, {"id": "power_utility_rate_commercial", "label": "What this utility's business customers pay on average", "value": 0.1076, "unit": "$/kWh", "basis": "derived", "why": "The same calculation for the commercial class, which is the one a leased bay with a charger would be billed on.", "math": "Form EIA-861 2024 for Nevada Power Co: commercial revenue of $630,060.4 thousand against 5,856,111 MWh sold, so $0.1076 a kWh.", "source": null, "range": [0.054, 0.215], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "power"}, {"id": "climate_station", "label": "Weather station these figures come from", "value": "LAS VEGAS AIR TERMINAL, NV US (USW00053123), 4.1 miles from the city centre", "unit": "", "basis": "sourced", "why": "The nearest NOAA station with a complete thirty-year record, chosen by distance from the Census Bureau's internal point for the city. 2 nearer station(s) were skipped because they measure rainfall but not temperature.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 1991-2020 U.S. Climate Normals, station USW00053123", "date": "1991-2020", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-monthly/1991-2020/access/USW00053123.csv", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-07", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "LAS VEGAS AIR TERMINAL, NV US (USW00053123), 4.1 mi from the city centre"}, "range": null, "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "weather"}, {"id": "temp_annual_avg_f", "label": "Average temperature over the year", "value": 68.8, "unit": "F", "basis": "derived", "why": "The mean of the twelve monthly normals, 1991-2020.", "math": "NOAA 1991-2020 monthly normals for station USW00053123: the twelve MLY-TAVG-NORMAL values averaged = 68.8F.", "source": null, "range": [53.8, 83.8], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "weather"}, {"id": "temp_coldest_month_avg_f", "label": "Average temperature in the coldest month", "value": 47.2, "unit": "F", "basis": "sourced", "why": "December is the coldest month here on the 1991-2020 normals. Cold is what puts range into a battery pack and puts people into a car instead of on a bike.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 1991-2020 U.S. Climate Normals, station USW00053123", "date": "1991-2020", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-monthly/1991-2020/access/USW00053123.csv", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-07", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "LAS VEGAS AIR TERMINAL, NV US (USW00053123), 4.1 mi from the city centre"}, "range": [32.2, 62.2], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "weather"}, {"id": "temp_hottest_month_avg_f", "label": "Average temperature in the hottest month", "value": 91.8, "unit": "F", "basis": "sourced", "why": "July is the hottest month here on the 1991-2020 normals.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 1991-2020 U.S. Climate Normals, station USW00053123", "date": "1991-2020", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-monthly/1991-2020/access/USW00053123.csv", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-07", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "LAS VEGAS AIR TERMINAL, NV US (USW00053123), 4.1 mi from the city centre"}, "range": [76.8, 106.8], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "weather"}, {"id": "precip_year_in", "label": "Rain and melted snow in a year", "value": 3.99, "unit": "in/year", "basis": "derived", "why": "The twelve monthly precipitation normals added up. Wet weather is one of the few things that reliably lifts ride-hail demand.", "math": "NOAA 1991-2020 monthly normals for station USW00053123: the twelve MLY-PRCP-NORMAL values summed = 3.99 inches a year.", "source": null, "range": [2.0, 7.2], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "weather"}, {"id": "wet_days_year", "label": "Days a year with measurable rain", "value": 22.5, "unit": "days/year", "basis": "derived", "why": "Days with at least a hundredth of an inch. The COUNT of wet days moves demand more than the total depth does -- one downpour is one busy evening.", "math": "NOAA 1991-2020 normals for station USW00053123: the twelve MLY-PRCP-AVGNDS-GE001HI values summed = 22.5 days a year.", "source": null, "range": [0, 250], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "weather"}, {"id": "snow_year_in", "label": "Snow in a year", "value": 0.0, "unit": "in/year", "basis": "derived", "why": "From station USC00265705, 8.2 miles away -- NOT the temperature station above. Fewer stations report snowfall than report temperature, so the nearest one that does is used and named rather than the figure being written down as zero.", "math": "NOAA 1991-2020 normals for station N LAS VEGAS, NV US (USC00265705), 8.2 miles from the city centre: the twelve MLY-SNOW-NORMAL values summed = 0.0 inches a year.", "source": null, "range": [0, 1], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "weather"}, {"id": "snow_days_year", "label": "Days a year with measurable snow", "value": 0.0, "unit": "days/year", "basis": "sourced", "why": "Days with at least a tenth of an inch of snowfall, from the same station as the annual total.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "NOAA NCEI 1991-2020 U.S. Climate Normals, station USC00265705", "date": "1991-2020", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-monthly/1991-2020/access/USC00265705.csv", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-07", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "N LAS VEGAS, NV US (USC00265705), 8.2 mi from the city centre"}, "range": [0, 200], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "weather"}, {"id": "adult_share", "label": "Share of residents who are adults", "value": 0.7757, "unit": "share", "basis": "derived", "why": "Residents 18 and over in Las Vegas, NV, from the Census Bureau's own age table. This is the first link in the rides-a-day chain, so it is worth having from the primary file rather than a re-publication of it.", "math": "ACS 2020-2024 5-year table B01001 for GEO_ID 1600000US3240000: total population 660,400, of whom 148,145 are under 18 (the eight under-18 age bands for males and females). (660,400 - 148,145) / 660,400 = 0.7757.", "source": null, "range": [0.55, 0.95], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "people"}, {"id": "median_household_income", "label": "What a household here earns in a year", "value": 73877, "unit": "$/year", "basis": "sourced", "why": "The median household income in Las Vegas, NV. It is the ceiling on what a ride can be priced at before people walk, and it is published for every city in the country.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2020-2024 5-year estimates, table B19013", "date": "2020-2024", "url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b19013.dat", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-07", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "GEO_ID 1600000US3240000, B19013_E001"}, "range": [36938, 147754], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "people"}, {"id": "no_vehicle_share", "label": "Share of households with no car", "value": 0.0886, "unit": "share", "basis": "derived", "why": "Households in Las Vegas, NV with no vehicle available. This is the strongest published local signal there is for who has to hire a ride, and it is the one number in this pack that most directly separates a town where everyone drives from one where a fleet has a market.", "math": "ACS 2020-2024 5-year table B25044 for GEO_ID 1600000US3240000: 247,741 occupied households, of which 3,707 owner-occupied (B25044_E003) and 18,252 renter-occupied (B25044_E010) have no vehicle available. (3,707 + 18,252) / 247,741 = 0.0886, or 8.9%.", "source": null, "range": [0, 0.6], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "people"}, {"id": "commute_drove_alone_share", "label": "Share who drive to work alone", "value": 0.7093, "unit": "share", "basis": "derived", "why": "How car-shaped the town is. A place where four in five drive alone is one where a ride is a substitute for a car nobody wants to give up.", "math": "ACS 2020-2024 5-year table B08301 for GEO_ID 1600000US3240000: 214,038 of 301,748 workers 16 and over (B08301_E003 / B08301_E001) = 0.7093, or 70.93%.", "source": null, "range": [0, 1], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "people"}, {"id": "commute_transit_share", "label": "Share who take public transport to work", "value": 0.0251, "unit": "share", "basis": "derived", "why": "The competition, and the floor under demand when it stops running at night.", "math": "ACS 2020-2024 5-year table B08301 for GEO_ID 1600000US3240000: 7,588 of 301,748 workers 16 and over (B08301_E010 / B08301_E001) = 0.0251, or 2.51%.", "source": null, "range": [0, 1], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "people"}, {"id": "commute_taxi_ridehail_share", "label": "Share who commute by taxi or ride-hail", "value": 0.0035, "unit": "share", "basis": "derived", "why": "The Census counts this line explicitly. It is a small number everywhere, and it is the only published local measurement of ride-hail use there is.", "math": "ACS 2020-2024 5-year table B08301 for GEO_ID 1600000US3240000: 1,069 of 301,748 workers 16 and over (B08301_E016 / B08301_E001) = 0.0035, or 0.35%.", "source": null, "range": [0, 1], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "people"}, {"id": "commute_wfh_share", "label": "Share who work from home", "value": 0.1212, "unit": "share", "basis": "derived", "why": "Workers who make no commute trip at all, which takes the top off weekday morning demand.", "math": "ACS 2020-2024 5-year table B08301 for GEO_ID 1600000US3240000: 36,568 of 301,748 workers 16 and over (B08301_E021 / B08301_E001) = 0.1212, or 12.12%.", "source": null, "range": [0, 1], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "people"}, {"id": "mean_commute_minutes", "label": "How long the average commute takes", "value": 25.7, "unit": "minutes", "basis": "derived", "why": "The mean one-way journey to work in Las Vegas, NV. It is the best published proxy for how far a typical local trip runs, and the trip-length estimate should be argued against it.", "math": "ACS 2020-2024 5-year tables B08013 and B08303 for GEO_ID 1600000US3240000: 6,820,920 aggregate minutes of travel to work divided by 265,180 workers who did not work from home = 25.7 minutes.", "source": null, "range": [5, 60], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "people"}, {"id": "local_cleaner_wage", "label": "What a car cleaner is paid here", "value": 15.12, "unit": "$/hour", "basis": "sourced", "why": "The median hourly wage for Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment (occupation 53-7061) in Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' own May 2024 estimates. This is the single biggest component of every cleaning price below, and it is published for every metropolitan AND non-metropolitan area in the country -- which is why a town of three thousand people gets a real figure here and a web search for a local detailer gets nothing.", "math": "BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2024, occupation 53-7061, area area 'Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV', 3,330 people employed in it: median hourly wage $15.12. The national median for the same occupation is $16.96, so this town's labour index is 15.12 / 16.96 = 0.892.", "source": {"name": "US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2024", "date": "2024-05", "url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm24ma.zip", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-09", "verified_by": "read directly out of the federal bulk file at this URL, matched on a key rather than on a name", "row_key": "OCC_CODE 53-7061, AREA 29820 -- Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV"}, "range": [9.07, 27.22], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "derived_from": [{"name": "US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, May 2024", "date": "2024-05", "url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/special-requests/oesm24ma.zip", "read_on": "2026-09-09", "value": 15.12, "unit": "$/hour", "note": "occupation 53-7061, Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV"}], "theme": "costs"}, {"id": "labour_note", "label": "What hand work costs here", "value": "Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment in Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV are paid a median of $15.12 an hour (BLS May 2024, occupation 53-7061, 3,330 employed). The national median for the same job is $16.96, so hand work here costs 89% of what it costs nationally.", "unit": "", "basis": "derived", "why": "The wage that scales every cleaning price below. It is published for every metropolitan and non-metropolitan area in the country, which is why a town of three thousand people gets a real figure where a web search for a local detailer's rate gets nothing.", "math": "Read out of the BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics May 2024 bulk files, occupation 53-7061, at the area level. No search was made for it.", "source": null, "range": null, "editable": true, "depends_on": ["local_cleaner_wage"], "bulk": true, "theme": "costs"}, {"id": "local_labour_index", "label": "How this town's labour costs compare with the country", "value": 0.892, "unit": "x national", "basis": "derived", "why": "Everything a person does by hand costs roughly what a person costs here. This one ratio scales every cleaning price in the pack, and it is measured rather than guessed.", "math": "BLS May 2024, occupation 53-7061 (Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment): the area figure for 'Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV' is $15.12 an hour against $16.96 nationally, so 15.12 / 16.96 = 0.892. This is a genuine local labour market estimate.", "source": null, "range": [0.5, 2.0], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "costs"}, {"id": "local_rent_index", "label": "How this town's property costs compare with the country", "value": 1.106, "unit": "x national", "basis": "derived", "why": "Rent is the other half of a local cost. There is no published rent for small commercial bays anywhere in the country, so the pack uses the one property price that IS published for 32,330 places -- what people pay to rent a home here against what they pay nationally. It is housing, not industrial space, and it is used as a proxy on purpose rather than by accident.", "math": "ACS 2020-2024 5-year table B25064, median gross rent: $1,563 a month in Las Vegas, NV (place level) against $1,413 for the United States from the same table (GEO_ID 0100000US), so 1563 / 1413 = 1.106.", "source": null, "range": [0.2, 3.0], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "theme": "costs"}, {"id": "clean_wipe_cost", "label": "A quick interior wipe between shifts", "value": 31, "unit": "$", "basis": "derived", "why": "This is a derivation, not a local quote: a national published figure scaled by a published local index. Nobody publishes a quick contracted interior wipe-down in a town this size, because it is a manual service: keeping a price list current is work, and the price is whatever the owner says on the day. A real quote from a real local supplier beats this number, and it is exactly what you should type over it. The national half of it is what Uber and Lyft themselves pay a driver for a minor mess -- published, national, and kept current because money moves on it every day.", "math": "NATIONAL BASELINE $35.00, then scaled to this town.\n  Lyft publishes a flat $25 for minor 'small food/beverage spills, scuff marks, mud, dirt, or animal fur in the car'.\n  Uber publishes $30 to $60 for a minor mess: 'spills or messes that require extensive cleaning' -- centre $45.00.\n  Average of the two operators' central values: ($25 + $45.00) / 2 = $35.00.\n  Both platforms pay the fee straight to the driver, and Uber requires an itemised receipt from a cleaning service for a professional claim, so these tiers are the platforms' own published view of what such a clean costs.\n  LOCAL STEP: $35.00 x labour index 0.892 = $31.\n  DIRECTION OF ERROR, stated rather than hidden: a platform fee prices a MESS, not a booked clean, so it brackets the right number rather than being it. Neither page carries a publication date; both were read on 2026-09-09.", "source": null, "range": [12, 78], "editable": true, "depends_on": ["local_labour_index"], "bulk": true, "derived_from": [{"name": "Lyft, damage fee policy", "date": null, "url": "https://help.lyft.com/hc/en-us/all/articles/115012927367-I-was-charged-a-damage-fee", "read_on": "2026-09-09", "value": 25.0, "unit": "$", "note": "minor damage"}, {"name": "Uber, driver cleaning fee policy", "date": null, "url": "https://help.uber.com/en/riders/article/uber-driver-cleaning-fee-policy?nodeId=2dba264f-edb9-4ae7-8186-68dd399874f0", "read_on": "2026-09-09", "value": [30.0, 60.0], "unit": "$", "note": "minor mess"}], "theme": "costs", "game_id": "wipe_cost_contract"}, {"id": "clean_deep_cost", "label": "A full interior clean", "value": 65, "unit": "$", "basis": "derived", "why": "This is a derivation, not a local quote: a national published figure scaled by a published local index. Nobody publishes a full interior detail in a town this size, because it is a manual service: keeping a price list current is work, and the price is whatever the owner says on the day. A real quote from a real local supplier beats this number, and it is exactly what you should type over it. The national half of it is what Uber and Lyft themselves pay a driver for a moderate mess -- published, national, and kept current because money moves on it every day.", "math": "NATIONAL BASELINE $72.50, then scaled to this town.\n  Lyft publishes a flat $75 for moderate 'biowaste outside of the car'.\n  Uber publishes $55 to $85 for a moderate mess: 'larger contained spills or biological messes that require focused cleaning, time, and specialized supplies' -- centre $70.00.\n  Average of the two operators' central values: ($75 + $70.00) / 2 = $72.50.\n  Both platforms pay the fee straight to the driver, and Uber requires an itemised receipt from a cleaning service for a professional claim, so these tiers are the platforms' own published view of what such a clean costs.\n  LOCAL STEP: $72.50 x labour index 0.892 = $65.\n  DIRECTION OF ERROR, stated rather than hidden: a platform fee prices a MESS, not a booked clean, so it brackets the right number rather than being it. Neither page carries a publication date; both were read on 2026-09-09.", "source": null, "range": [26, 162], "editable": true, "depends_on": ["local_labour_index"], "bulk": true, "derived_from": [{"name": "Lyft, damage fee policy", "date": null, "url": "https://help.lyft.com/hc/en-us/all/articles/115012927367-I-was-charged-a-damage-fee", "read_on": "2026-09-09", "value": 75.0, "unit": "$", "note": "moderate damage"}, {"name": "Uber, driver cleaning fee policy", "date": null, "url": "https://help.uber.com/en/riders/article/uber-driver-cleaning-fee-policy?nodeId=2dba264f-edb9-4ae7-8186-68dd399874f0", "read_on": "2026-09-09", "value": [55.0, 85.0], "unit": "$", "note": "moderate mess"}], "theme": "costs", "game_id": "deep_clean_cost"}, {"id": "clean_biohazard_cost", "label": "A biohazard clean-out", "value": 135, "unit": "$", "basis": "derived", "why": "This is a derivation, not a local quote: a national published figure scaled by a published local index. Nobody publishes an emergency biohazard clean-out in a town this size, because it is a manual service: keeping a price list current is work, and the price is whatever the owner says on the day. A real quote from a real local supplier beats this number, and it is exactly what you should type over it. The national half of it is what Uber and Lyft themselves pay a driver for a severe mess -- published, national, and kept current because money moves on it every day.", "math": "NATIONAL BASELINE $151.25, then scaled to this town.\n  Lyft publishes a flat $150 for severe 'large biowaste spills that would require specialized cleaning'.\n  Uber publishes $80 to $225 for a severe mess: 'substantial messes involving large amounts of bodily fluids or difficult-to-clean matter across multiple areas' -- centre $152.50.\n  Average of the two operators' central values: ($150 + $152.50) / 2 = $151.25.\n  Both platforms pay the fee straight to the driver, and Uber requires an itemised receipt from a cleaning service for a professional claim, so these tiers are the platforms' own published view of what such a clean costs.\n  LOCAL STEP: $151.25 x labour index 0.892 = $135.\n  DIRECTION OF ERROR, stated rather than hidden: a platform fee prices a MESS, not a booked clean, so it brackets the right number rather than being it. Neither page carries a publication date; both were read on 2026-09-09.", "source": null, "range": [54, 337], "editable": true, "depends_on": ["local_labour_index"], "bulk": true, "derived_from": [{"name": "Lyft, damage fee policy", "date": null, "url": "https://help.lyft.com/hc/en-us/all/articles/115012927367-I-was-charged-a-damage-fee", "read_on": "2026-09-09", "value": 150.0, "unit": "$", "note": "severe damage"}, {"name": "Uber, driver cleaning fee policy", "date": null, "url": "https://help.uber.com/en/riders/article/uber-driver-cleaning-fee-policy?nodeId=2dba264f-edb9-4ae7-8186-68dd399874f0", "read_on": "2026-09-09", "value": [80.0, 225.0], "unit": "$", "note": "severe mess"}], "theme": "costs", "game_id": "bio_contractor_cost"}, {"id": "depot_rent_month", "label": "A small commercial bay, per month", "value": 1410, "unit": "$/month", "basis": "derived", "why": "This is a derivation, not a local quote: a national published figure scaled by a published local index. Nobody publishes what a 1,500 square foot bay lets for in a town this size, because small commercial bays let privately, one handshake at a time, and no index tracks them. A real quote from a real local supplier beats this number, and it is exactly what you should type over it.", "math": "NATIONAL BASELINE: Cushman & Wakefield, MarketBeat United States Industrial Q1 2026 reports an overall US industrial asking rent of $10.20 a square foot a year, NNN. 1,500 square feet x $10.20 = $15,300 a year = $1,275.00 a month nationally.\n  LOCAL STEP: $1,275.00 x rent index 1.106 = $1,410 a month.\n  TWO WAYS THIS IS LOW, said rather than hidden: the national figure is the overall industrial average, dominated by large logistics buildings, and a 1,500 square foot service bay asks MORE per square foot than a 500,000 square foot warehouse -- no premium is applied because no published figure supports one. And NNN means taxes, insurance and common-area costs are on top of this. Treat it as a floor. Read on 2026-09-09.", "source": null, "range": [564, 4231], "editable": true, "depends_on": ["local_rent_index"], "bulk": true, "derived_from": [{"name": "Cushman & Wakefield, MarketBeat United States Industrial Q1 2026", "date": "2026-Q1", "url": "https://assets.cushmanwakefield.com/-/media/cw/marketbeat-pdfs/2026/q1/us-reports/national/q12026usindustrialmarketbeat.pdf", "read_on": "2026-09-09", "value": 10.2, "unit": "$/sq ft/year", "note": "overall US industrial asking rent, NNN"}], "theme": "costs", "game_id": "depot_bay_rent"}, {"id": "insurance_base_month", "label": "Insurance on the first car", "value": 391, "unit": "$/month", "basis": "derived", "why": "This is a derivation, not a local quote: a national published figure scaled by a published local index. Nobody publishes a price for commercial for-hire cover on a single car in a town this size, because a premium is quoted to a particular operator on particular facts, and no insurer publishes a rate table for for-hire cars. A real quote from a real local supplier beats this number, and it is exactly what you should type over it. What stands in for it is general commercial auto adjusted upward for for-hire use, and that adjustment is our judgement, not a published figure.", "math": "NATIONAL BASELINE: Insureon, Commercial auto insurance cost (updated 2026-03-04) reports a median of $245 a month for commercial auto across 100,000 small-business policyholders, calculated as 'the median cost of policies sold by leading insurance carriers to Insureon's small business customers'.\n  FOR-HIRE UPLIFT x1.40 -- THIS IS OUR JUDGEMENT, NOT A PUBLISHED FIGURE. Progressive publish their own 2025 new-policy premium per power unit by class: business auto $276 a month against for-hire specialty truck $734 and for-hire transport truck $926, so their for-hire classes run 2.7 to 3.4 times general business auto. Those classes are TRUCKS; a for-hire passenger car sits between a tradesman's van and a truck, and 1.40 is a conservative reading of that gap.\n  STATE STEP: NAIC 2023 average auto expenditure is $1,461.47 in NV against $1,281.60 countrywide, so the state index is 1461.47 / 1281.60 = 1.140. It is PERSONAL auto -- nobody publishes commercial for-hire premiums by state -- but what it measures is the part that genuinely varies between states: the loss environment, the tort and rate-filing regime, the uninsured rate and the minimum limits.\n  $245 x 1.40 x 1.140 = $391 a month. This is the number in the pack most worth replacing with a real quote. Read on 2026-09-09.", "source": null, "range": [156, 1173], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "bulk": true, "derived_from": [{"name": "Insureon, Commercial auto insurance cost", "date": "2026-03-04", "url": "https://www.insureon.com/small-business-insurance/commercial-auto/cost", "read_on": "2026-09-09", "value": 245.0, "unit": "$/month", "note": "median commercial auto, small business"}, {"name": "Progressive Commercial, average commercial auto cost by business type", "date": "2025", "url": "https://www.progressivecommercial.com/commercial-auto-insurance/commercial-auto-cost/", "read_on": "2026-09-09", "note": "evidence for the direction and rough size of a for-hire uplift"}, {"name": "National Association of Insurance Commissioners, 2023 Auto Insurance Database Average Premium Supplement, Table 4", "date": "2025-06", "url": "https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/aut-db_1.pdf", "read_on": "2026-09-09", "value": 1461.47, "unit": "$/year", "note": "NV average expenditure per insured vehicle, personal auto"}], "theme": "costs", "game_id": "insurance_base"}, {"id": "insurance_per_car_month", "label": "Insurance on each car after the first", "value": 332, "unit": "$/month", "basis": "derived", "why": "What each additional vehicle adds to the premium. Lower than the first car because a fleet policy spreads the administrative part of a premium across the vehicles while the risk part scales with them -- which is part of why growing is the way out of the trap.", "math": "$391 (the first car, above) x 0.85 = $332. NOBODY PUBLISHES THAT SPLIT: the 0.85 is ours, and it is the reason a second car is cheaper to run than the first.", "source": null, "range": [133, 996], "editable": true, "depends_on": ["insurance_base_month"], "bulk": true, "theme": "costs", "game_id": "insurance_per_car"}, {"id": "power_offpeak", "theme": "power", "label": "Overnight electricity", "value": 0.065, "unit": "$/kWh", "basis": "sourced", "why": "NV Energy OGS-TOU small-commercial Electric Vehicle Recharge Rider (GSEVRR) all-in bundled rate (BTGR + BTER + DEAA + TRED + REPR + UEC + NDPP + ESAP + EE) for 12:01 a.m.–8 a.m. daily, which fully covers midnight–06:00; winter figure $0.06499 (summer $0.06769). Local Clark County fee extra.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "Nevada Power Company d/b/a NV Energy", "date": "2026-07", "url": "https://www.nvenergy.com/publish/content/dam/nvenergy/brochures_arch/about-nvenergy/rates-regulatory/electric-schedules-south/StatementofRates.pdf", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-09", "verified_by": "the exact quoted text is on the page"}, "range": [0.04, 0.12], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "game_id": "power_offpeak"}, {"id": "power_mid", "theme": "power", "label": "Midday electricity", "value": 0.074, "unit": "$/kWh", "basis": "sourced", "why": "NV Energy OGS-TOU all-in bundled summer off-peak rate ($0.07436; winter all-hours $0.07135 similar). Utility off-peak is all hours except the short 3:01–9 p.m. summer window, so it covers roughly 06:00–16:00. Includes all listed riders; local fee extra.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "Nevada Power Company d/b/a NV Energy", "date": "2026-07", "url": "https://www.nvenergy.com/publish/content/dam/nvenergy/brochures_arch/about-nvenergy/rates-regulatory/electric-schedules-south/StatementofRates.pdf", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-09", "verified_by": "the exact quoted text is on the page"}, "range": [0.05, 0.15], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "game_id": "power_mid"}, {"id": "power_onpeak", "theme": "power", "label": "Evening electricity", "value": 0.139, "unit": "$/kWh", "basis": "sourced", "why": "NV Energy OGS-TOU all-in bundled summer on-peak rate $0.13874 (3:01 p.m.–9:00 p.m. June–Sept only). The asked 16:00–midnight window is wider than the utility’s 6-hour on-peak, so a true blend would be lower most of the year; this is the published peak energy+delivery+riders figure.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "Nevada Power Company d/b/a NV Energy", "date": "2026-07", "url": "https://www.nvenergy.com/publish/content/dam/nvenergy/brochures_arch/about-nvenergy/rates-regulatory/electric-schedules-south/StatementofRates.pdf", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-09", "verified_by": "the exact quoted text is on the page"}, "range": [0.08, 0.5], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "game_id": "power_onpeak"}, {"id": "power_dcfc", "theme": "power", "label": "Public DC fast charger", "value": 0.54, "unit": "$/kWh", "basis": "sourced", "why": "EVgo public DC fast charger (Winterwood Pavilion, 2226 S Nellis Blvd, Las Vegas; 10 stalls to 350 kW). Listed rate $0.54/kWh any typical hour (they also post $0.48 super-off-peak). Tracker pulls live from EVgo public data. This is a secondary source -- it republishes a figure it did not itself produce.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "DCFC Tracker (EVgo)", "date": "2026-09", "url": "https://dcfctracker.com/stations/330680", "tier": "secondary", "verified_on": "2026-09-09", "verified_by": "the exact quoted text is on the page"}, "range": [0.3, 0.8], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "game_id": "supercharger_kwh", "federal_check": {"verdict": "confirmed", "subject": "chargers", "claim": "EVgo fast charging here", "federal": "the snapshot lists WinCo Las Vegas #113 (eVgo Network, 4 fast ports, 4.0 mi)", "checked_on": "2026-09-18", "findings": 2}}, {"id": "power_tou_note", "theme": "power", "label": "Time-of-use tariff available", "value": "Yes, OGS-TOU (small commercial) and ORS-TOU (residential) plus EVRR rider 12:01am-8am", "unit": "", "basis": "estimated", "why": "Nevada Power / NV Energy publishes optional time-of-use tariffs a small operator can elect, including a further-discounted Electric Vehicle Recharge Rider specifically for overnight charging. Unconfirmed -- treated as our estimate.", "math": "Verification failed on https://www.nvenergy.com/about-nvenergy/rates-regulatory/electric-schedules-south: the cited page loads but does not carry the figure (the page carries only 0 of the 8 distinctive words in this note). We checked the citation the research pass gave us and could not confirm it, so this number is presented as our own estimate rather than as a published figure.", "source": null, "range": ["No", "Yes with named TOU + EVRR"], "editable": true, "depends_on": null}, {"id": "ridehail_present", "theme": "demand", "label": "Ride-hail and taxi services operating today", "value": "Uber and Lyft operate valley-wide including Harry Reid Airport and designated Strip casino zones; traditional taxis (3,530 medallions) still run; robotaxi permits for Tesla, Waymo and Uber recently approved. Supply is thick because of tourism.", "unit": "", "basis": "sourced", "why": "Operator pages and local reporting confirm both TNCs and the regulated taxi fleet are active; airport and Strip have dedicated pickup areas. This is a secondary source -- it republishes a figure it did not itself produce.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "The Nevada Independent", "date": "2025-12", "url": "https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/the-las-vegas-taxi-industry-was-hit-hard-by-rideshare-was-overregulation-to-blame", "tier": "secondary", "verified_on": "2026-09-09", "verified_by": "the page carries 9 of the 14 distinctive words in this note"}, "range": [], "editable": true, "depends_on": null}, {"id": "transit_note", "theme": "demand", "label": "Public bus system evenings and weekends", "value": "Yes: RTC of Southern Nevada runs a large bus network with 24-hour Deuce service on the Strip, frequent evening/weekend frequencies on most routes, and some overnight service.", "unit": "", "basis": "estimated", "why": "RTC publishes current schedules showing 24-hour Strip service and evening/weekend operation; this matters because a city with no late bus would push more trips onto cars. Unconfirmed -- treated as our estimate.", "math": "Verification failed on https://www.rtcsnv.com/ways-to-travel/schedules-maps/: the cited page could not be fetched (HTTP 403). We checked the citation the research pass gave us and could not confirm it, so this number is presented as our own estimate rather than as a published figure.", "source": null, "range": [], "editable": true, "depends_on": null}, {"id": "trip_mi_avg", "theme": "demand", "label": "Average paid trip length", "value": 5.0, "unit": "miles", "basis": "estimated", "why": "Reasoned from the city's own land area plus typical US ride-hail lengths and Las Vegas's clustered Strip/airport geography.", "math": "Land area 141.865 sq mi implies a compact urban footprint (equivalent radius ~6.7 mi). National ride-hail averages 5-6 mi (Schaller 6.1 mi US cities, Austin study 5.1 mi). Uber's own popular Las Vegas routes show airport-to-Strip 4 mi and Strip hops of similar length; many tourist trips are even shorter casino-to-casino. 5.0 mi is the midpoint. Direction: likely a little high for pure Strip demand, a little low if more suburban/airport runs are included.", "source": null, "range": [3.0, 8.0], "editable": true, "depends_on": null}, {"id": "trip_mi_short_share", "theme": "demand", "label": "Share of trips under 3 miles", "value": 0.48, "unit": "", "basis": "estimated", "why": "Vegas tourist geography is even more short-trip than typical US ride-hail markets.", "math": "Austin ride-hail study (282k trips): 44% under 3 miles. Las Vegas Strip is only ~4 miles long with dense hotel/casino clustering, so a larger share of paid trips are short hops. Stepped up modestly from 44% to 48%. Direction: could be higher.", "source": null, "range": [0.3, 0.65], "editable": true, "depends_on": ["trip_mi_avg"]}, {"id": "trip_mi_long_share", "theme": "demand", "label": "Share of trips over 10 miles", "value": 0.1, "unit": "", "basis": "estimated", "why": "Most demand is local/Strip; longer airport-to-suburb or Hoover Dam runs exist but are a minority.", "math": "Austin study: 14% over 10 miles. Las Vegas has some longer airport and valley-edge trips but the core tourist market is compact, so stepped down to 10%. Complements the short-share estimate.", "source": null, "range": [0.05, 0.2], "editable": true, "depends_on": ["trip_mi_avg"]}, {"id": "night_share", "theme": "demand", "label": "Share of demand 21:00-03:00", "value": 0.32, "unit": "", "basis": "estimated", "why": "Las Vegas is a 24-hour casino/nightlife city; bars, shows, casino shift changes and late airport arrivals concentrate demand after 9 pm.", "math": "Six hours is 25% of the clock. Lyft's own nightlife analysis shows a large share of weekend rides after 9 pm go to/from bars and clubs; casinos run 24 h and UNLV plus hospital shifts add more. Raised from a uniform 25% to 32%. Direction: could be higher on weekends; this is an all-days average.", "source": null, "range": [0.2, 0.45], "editable": true, "depends_on": null}, {"id": "visitors_year", "theme": "demand", "label": "Annual visitors", "value": 41676300, "unit": "people", "basis": "estimated", "why": "LVCVA (the official convention and visitor authority) year-end 2024 count; in a tourist city visitors, not residents, dominate ride-hail demand. Unconfirmed -- treated as our estimate.", "math": "Verification failed on https://assets.simpleviewcms.com/simpleview/image/upload/v1/clients/lasvegas/ES_Dec2024_684d35ec-ba55-4b00-b568-60c496d69180.pdf: the cited page loads but does not carry the figure (the digits 41,676,300 appear but nowhere near Visitor Volume -- not a citation for this figure). We checked the citation the research pass gave us and could not confirm it, so this number is presented as our own estimate rather than as a published figure.", "source": null, "range": [30000000, 50000000], "editable": true, "depends_on": null}, {"id": "visitor_party_size", "theme": "demand", "label": "Average visiting party size", "value": 2.4, "unit": "people", "basis": "sourced", "why": "LVCVA 2024 Visitor Profile (5,418 interviews) mean number of adults in the immediate party; a party shares one car so visitor headcount is not ride count.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "LVCVA / Heart+Mind Strategies", "date": "2025-08", "url": "https://epubs.nsla.nv.gov/statepubs/epubs/442242-2024.pdf", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-09", "verified_by": "the exact quoted text is on the page"}, "range": [1.8, 3.2], "editable": true, "depends_on": null}, {"id": "rides_reported", "theme": "demand", "label": "Reported taxi trips (cross-check)", "value": 13000000, "unit": "trips/year", "basis": "sourced", "why": "Nevada Taxicab Authority figure for Clark County 2024; rideshare totals are not published, so this is taxi-only and a lower-bound cross-check. This is a secondary source -- it republishes a figure it did not itself produce.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "The Nevada Independent (citing Nevada Taxicab Authority)", "date": "2025-12", "url": "https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/the-las-vegas-taxi-industry-was-hit-hard-by-rideshare-was-overregulation-to-blame", "tier": "secondary", "verified_on": "2026-09-09", "verified_by": "the exact quoted text is on the page"}, "range": [10000000, 20000000], "editable": true, "depends_on": null}, {"id": "geography_type", "theme": "geography", "label": "City geography type", "value": "multi-district metro", "unit": "", "basis": "estimated", "why": "The City of Las Vegas is a large, irregular valley city whose own 2050 Master Plan names 16 distinct community areas from downtown/Fremont to Summerlin and far-northwest Centennial Hills, while the Strip resort corridor sits immediately outside city limits in Paradise; a fleet must choose among those poles rather than covering the place with one car. Unconfirmed -- treated as our estimate.", "math": "Verification failed on https://www.lasvegasnevada.gov/News/Blog/Detail/explore-the-neighborhoods-of-las-vegas: the cited page loads but does not carry the figure (the page carries only 0 of the 2 distinctive words in this note). We checked the citation the research pass gave us and could not confirm it, so this number is presented as our own estimate rather than as a published figure.", "source": null, "range": null, "editable": true, "depends_on": null}, {"id": "city_radius_mi", "theme": "geography", "label": "City radius", "value": 6.72, "unit": "mi", "basis": "derived", "why": "No published centre-to-edge figure for the built-up city; this is the equivalent-circle radius of the settled 141.865 sq mi land area. The real city is elongated northwest from downtown toward Summerlin and Centennial Hills, so a fleet's actual reach from centre to edge is longer than 6.72 mi.", "math": "Equivalent radius r = sqrt(land area / pi) = sqrt(141.865 / 3.1415926535) = sqrt(45.156) = 6.72 miles. Likely conservative as a coverage radius: downtown to the northwest city edge is on the order of 12 miles because the city is not circular and wraps around the Strip.", "source": null, "range": [4, 15], "editable": true, "depends_on": null}, {"id": "district_count", "theme": "geography", "label": "Demand districts", "value": 5, "unit": "", "basis": "estimated", "why": "Five meaningfully different demand poles a fleet would actually dispatch between, collapsing the city's 16 planning areas and the adjacent Strip into operational districts rather than counting every neighborhood.", "math": "City of Las Vegas lists 16 community planning areas, but most are adjacent residential fabric. For fleet demand they cluster as: (1) downtown/Fremont plus the medical district, (2) Summerlin, (3) Centennial Hills/northwest, (4) east Las Vegas, (5) the Strip/resort corridor immediately outside city limits in Paradise. Using 5, not 16. Uncertainty: an editor could split medical district from downtown (6) or drop the Strip because it is not in the city (4).", "source": null, "range": [3, 16], "editable": true, "depends_on": ["geography_type"]}, {"id": "districts_note", "theme": "geography", "label": "Districts", "value": "downtown/Fremont and the medical district, Summerlin, Centennial Hills/northwest, east Las Vegas, plus the Strip corridor just outside city limits", "unit": "", "basis": "sourced", "why": "Names the five demand poles: the city's own downtown, medical, Summerlin, northwest and east communities, plus the Strip which is not in city limits but dominates visitor demand a few miles south of downtown.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "City of Las Vegas", "date": "2025-07", "url": "https://www.lasvegasnevada.gov/News/Blog/Detail/explore-the-neighborhoods-of-las-vegas", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-09", "verified_by": "the page carries 14 of the 14 distinctive words in this note"}, "range": null, "editable": true, "depends_on": ["district_count"]}, {"id": "airport_flights_note", "theme": "geography", "label": "Airport flights", "value": "about 700 daily departures to 178 destinations on 44 airlines; a large O&D airport (Southwest-led), not a spoke, with heaviest US flows to LAX, Denver, DFW and Phoenix plus international service", "unit": "", "basis": "derived", "why": "Harry Reid is a major origin-destination airport with hundreds of daily departures across a national and international network, a completely different demand pattern from a town with two flights to one hub.", "math": "Clark County Department of Aviation ACFR: 258,530 domestic and international departures in FY 2025. 258,530 / 365 days = 708, about 700 scheduled departures per day. Same schedule lists 178 destinations served and 44 airlines; daily commercial operations are shown as 1,135 (arrivals plus departures, implying ~570 each way on a typical day). Using ~700 from the annual departure total. Direction of uncertainty: the 1,135 daily-operations line would imply a lower departure count; 700 is the higher reading.", "source": null, "range": null, "editable": true, "depends_on": null}, {"id": "generators_note", "theme": "geography", "label": "Demand generators", "value": "Sunrise Hospital (~834 beds), UMC (Level I trauma), UNLV (~33,600 students), CSN (~30,700), MGM Resorts 50,000+ and Caesars 20,000+ employees, Strip casinos, Allegiant Stadium, Sphere, Las Vegas Convention Center", "unit": "", "basis": "estimated", "why": "The named hospitals, public colleges, casino employers and venues that actually concentrate demand in the Las Vegas valley; several sit just outside city limits (Strip, UNLV, Sphere) but still drive city trips. Unconfirmed -- treated as our estimate.", "math": "Verification failed on https://www.huduser.gov/portal/publications/pdf/LasVegasHendersonParadiseNV-CHMA-24.pdf: the cited page loads but does not carry the figure (no readable text on the page). We checked the citation the research pass gave us and could not confirm it, so this number is presented as our own estimate rather than as a published figure.", "source": null, "range": null, "editable": true, "depends_on": ["hospital_beds", "college_enrollment"], "federal_check": {"verdict": "skipped", "subject": "hospitals", "claim": "hospital bed count", "federal": "no federal hospital file is cached (CMS Hospital General Information would be the file; it is not fetched by this rule)", "checked_on": "2026-09-18", "findings": 1}}, {"id": "hospital_beds", "theme": "geography", "label": "Largest hospital staffed beds", "value": 834, "unit": "beds", "basis": "estimated", "why": "Staffed/listed beds at Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center, the largest acute-care hospital in Las Vegas; HCA describes an 834-bed facility. AHD's cost-report compilation lists 850 staffed beds at the same campus, so 834 is the operator figure and may sit a little low. Unconfirmed -- treated as our estimate.", "math": "Verification failed on https://careers.hcahealthcare.com/jobs/17157096-vice-president-emergency-services: the cited page could not be fetched (HTTP 403). We checked the citation the research pass gave us and could not confirm it, so this number is presented as our own estimate rather than as a published figure.", "source": null, "range": [700, 950], "editable": true, "depends_on": null, "federal_check": {"verdict": "skipped", "subject": "hospitals", "claim": "hospital bed count", "federal": "no federal hospital file is cached (CMS Hospital General Information would be the file; it is not fetched by this rule)", "checked_on": "2026-09-18", "findings": 1}}, {"id": "college_enrollment", "theme": "geography", "label": "College enrollment", "value": 64229, "unit": "students", "basis": "derived", "why": "Combined Fall 2025 unduplicated headcount at UNLV and CSN, the two public colleges that serve Las Vegas. UNLV's campus is in Paradise just outside city limits; CSN has campuses in Las Vegas, North Las Vegas and Henderson. Excludes Nevada State University in Henderson (8,391) and smaller private schools.", "math": "NSHE Fall 2025 end-of-semester unduplicated headcount: UNLV 33,566 + CSN 30,663 = 64,229. UNLV's own census news said enrollment topped 33,700, so 64,229 is slightly conservative versus census. Excluding NSU (Henderson) and privates means the city-proper total could be argued lower if only in-city campuses count, or higher if privates are added.", "source": null, "range": [40000, 85000], "editable": true, "depends_on": null}, {"id": "events_note", "theme": "geography", "label": "Annual events", "value": "CES (January), Electric Daisy Carnival at Las Vegas Motor Speedway (May), Formula 1 Las Vegas Grand Prix on the Strip (November)", "unit": "", "basis": "sourced", "why": "The three recurring events that most clearly move citywide lodging, airport and street demand, each tied to a sourced month; National Finals Rodeo in December is another large mover but is not quoted from a page opened here. This is a secondary source -- it republishes a figure it did not itself produce.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority", "date": "2026-01", "url": "https://www.visitlasvegas.com/experience/post/a-monthly-guide-of-things-to-do-in-las-vegas/", "tier": "secondary", "verified_on": "2026-09-09", "verified_by": "the page carries 13 of the 13 distinctive words in this note"}, "range": null, "editable": true, "depends_on": null}, {"id": "insurance_min_liability", "theme": "costs", "label": "State minimum for-hire / TNC liability limits", "value": "$1.5M CSL in-service (TNC NRS 690B.470; NTA limo NAC 706.191 ≤7 pax); TNC logged-on 50/100/25; Clark County taxis 100/300/10 (NRS 706.8828)", "unit": "", "basis": "estimated", "why": "Nevada statute and NTA regulation set the liability floors a for-hire or TNC operator is actually required to carry; taxi limits in Clark County are lower than limousine/TNC in-service limits. Unconfirmed -- treated as our estimate.", "math": "Verification failed on https://law.justia.com/codes/nevada/chapter-690b/statute-690b-470/: the cited page could not be fetched (HTTP 403). We checked the citation the research pass gave us and could not confirm it, so this number is presented as our own estimate rather than as a published figure.", "source": null, "range": [0, 0], "editable": true, "depends_on": null}, {"id": "parking_month", "theme": "costs", "label": "Downtown monthly parking space", "value": 60, "unit": "$/month", "basis": "sourced", "why": "Published monthly parking pass at a downtown Las Vegas casino garage; cheaper surface lots exist ($15–$25) but $60 is a realistic downtown monthly for a commercial vehicle. This is a secondary source -- it republishes a figure it did not itself produce.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "Las Vegas Review-Journal", "date": "2025-03", "url": "https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/casinos-gaming/how-much-does-it-cost-to-park-at-downtown-las-vegas-casinos-3283752/", "tier": "secondary", "verified_on": "2026-09-09", "verified_by": "the exact quoted text is on the page"}, "range": [0, 150], "editable": true, "depends_on": null}, {"id": "registration_note", "theme": "costs", "label": "For-hire / TNC vehicle registration and permits", "value": "NV DMV passenger registration is $33 plus Governmental Services Tax (example: $298 taxes on a 2-year-old $20,000-MSRP vehicle in Clark County, so ~$330/year all-in). TNC/rideshare drivers also need a Clark County business license ($70 new, $25/year thereafter). Traditional limousines need an NTA CPCN (hearing process) rather than a cheap sticker.", "unit": "", "basis": "sourced", "why": "These are the amounts an owner is billed by the Nevada DMV and Clark County for putting a passenger vehicle on the road as TNC or ordinary registration; CPCN limousines are a heavier, case-by-case process.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "Nevada DMV / Clark County Business License", "date": "2026-09", "url": "https://dmv.nv.gov/regfees.htm", "tier": "primary", "verified_on": "2026-09-09", "verified_by": "the page carries 11 of the 14 distinctive words in this note"}, "range": [0, 0], "editable": true, "depends_on": null}, {"id": "ridehail_ever_share", "label": "US adults who have ever used a ride-hailing app", "value": 0.36, "unit": "share", "basis": "sourced", "why": "The published national benchmark the local figure is built from. It is pinned in the pipeline rather than researched fresh each time, because asking a language model for a published fact four times returns four answers, and that variance was landing straight in rides per day. The page is still fetched and checked on every run. This is a secondary source -- it republishes a figure it did not itself produce.", "math": null, "source": {"name": "Pew Research Center", "date": "2019-01-04", "url": "https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2019/01/04/more-americans-are-using-ride-hailing-apps/", "tier": "secondary", "verified_on": "2026-09-09", "verified_by": "the exact quoted text is on the page"}, "range": [0.2, 0.55], "editable": true, "theme": "demand", "depends_on": null}, {"id": "ridehail_active_share_of_users", "label": "Of people who have ever used it, the share who ride in a given month", "value": 0.32, "unit": "share", "basis": "sourced", "why": "The second half of the same national survey, taken from the same page so that the two halves describe the same population. Ten per cent of users ride at least weekly and another 22% monthly; the other 67% ride less than once a month. This is a secondary source -- it republishes a figure it did not itself produce.", "math": "0.10 riding at least weekly + 0.22 riding monthly = 0.32 of ever-users taking a trip in a given month. The complement the page prints, 67% riding less than monthly, agrees with it to within rounding.", "source": {"name": "Pew Research Center", "date": "2019-01-04", "url": "https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2019/01/04/more-americans-are-using-ride-hailing-apps/", "tier": "secondary", "verified_on": "2026-09-09", "verified_by": "the exact quoted text is on the page"}, "range": [0.2, 0.5], "editable": true, "theme": "demand", "depends_on": null}, {"id": "ridehail_local_multiplier", "label": "How much more, or less, this town hires rides than the country does", "value": 1.192, "unit": "x national", "basis": "derived", "why": "The step from the national figure to this town, built only from measured Census figures so that it is the same number every time it is computed. It replaces the sentence a language model used to write here -- '0.115 x 1.25 plus a modest nightlife premium' -- in which the premium was invisible and unrepeatable.", "math": "Two measured local signals, each taken against the same figure summed over all 3144 county rows of the same ACS 2020-2024 file. Households with no vehicle: 0.0886 here against 0.0835 nationally = 1.06x. Workers commuting by taxi or ride-hail (ACS B08301_016, a line the Census counts explicitly): 0.00350 here against 0.00261 nationally = 1.34x. Each ratio is clamped to 0.25-4.00 because one ACS cell in a small place rests on very few responses, then blended as a geometric mean because these are ratios, giving 1.19x, clamped to 0.30-3.50. WHAT THIS CANNOT SEE: whether drivers are actually available. In a small town supply, not demand, is usually what binds.", "source": null, "range": [0.6, 2.38], "editable": true, "depends_on": ["no_vehicle_share", "commute_taxi_ridehail_share"], "theme": "demand"}, {"id": "ridehail_month_share", "label": "Local adults taking a ride-hail trip in a given month", "value": 0.1373, "unit": "share", "basis": "derived", "why": "The share of adults in Las Vegas who hire a ride in a typical month. This is one of the two numbers that decide rides per day, so it is now computed rather than judged: nothing about it is asked of a language model.", "math": "Computed, not estimated. 0.36 of US adults have ever used a ride-hail app x 0.32 of those users taking a trip in a given month = 0.1152 of US adults in a typical month (fall 2018 survey, Pew Research Center). Stepped to this town by the measured multiplier of 1.19x: 0.1152 x 1.19 = 0.1373. CHANGE THIS FIRST IF YOU KNOW THE TOWN. It and the visitor chain are the two numbers the whole ride estimate turns on, and this one is built from a national survey and two Census ratios -- it cannot see how many drivers are actually on the road here, which in a small market is usually the real limit. The editable band runs 0.0549 to 0.3432, roughly 0.4x to 2.5x, which is how uncertain this honestly is. Pew's State of Gig Work (December 2021) separately found that 22% of US adults had used a ride-hailing app in the previous twelve months. A national monthly share of 11.5% sits sensibly inside that; it would not if the monthly share were near the annual one.", "source": null, "range": [0.0549, 0.3432], "editable": true, "depends_on": ["ridehail_ever_share", "ridehail_active_share_of_users", "ridehail_local_multiplier"], "theme": "demand"}, {"id": "trips_per_user_month", "label": "Trips a month, per local who rides at all that month", "value": 2.6, "unit": "trips", "basis": "estimated", "why": "Counted only over the people who are active in that month, so it can never be below 1. It multiplies the entire resident stream, which is why it is drawn several times rather than once.", "math": "How many rides a local who uses ride-hail at all in a month takes in that month. Drawn 5 times independently with no web search, so that the run-to-run wobble is measured rather than hidden: 2.5, 2.5, 2.6, 3, 2.7. The MEDIAN, 2.6, is used; the draws spanned 2.5 to 3, a factor of 1.20. Only 0.0886 of households have no vehicle and the mean commute is 25.7 minutes, so a resident who uses ride-hail at all in a month still takes only a small handful of trips.", "source": null, "range": [1.0, 6.0], "editable": true, "theme": "demand", "depends_on": null}, {"id": "visitor_air_arrival_share", "label": "Share of visitors who arrive by air", "value": 0.6792, "unit": "share", "basis": "estimated", "why": "A party that flies in has two airport transfers to make and no car; a party that drives in has neither. This is the fork the whole visitor chain turns on, and where two published counts exist it is division rather than judgement.", "math": "28,304,583 boardings across the 2 commercial airports within 35 miles (LAS 28,244,966 at 12 mi, BVU 59,617 at 30 mi) in calendar 2024 (FAA, a federal file) divided by 41,676,300 visitors a year = 0.679. Boardings count DEPARTING passengers, and one visiting party that flies in also flies out, so this is the share of visitors who came by air. DIRECTION OF ERROR, STATED: boardings also include residents flying out on their own trips, so this OVERSTATES the visitor air share, and by more in a city whose residents fly a lot. It is capped at 0.95. NOTE: this was worked out from 'Annual visitors', whose citation did not survive verification. The arithmetic is unchanged, but it now rests on an unconfirmed figure, so this is an estimate too.", "source": null, "range": [0.34, 0.95], "editable": true, "depends_on": ["airport_passengers_year", "visitors_year"], "theme": "demand", "federal_check": {"verdict": "confirmed", "subject": "airports", "claim": "28,304,583 passengers or enplanements", "federal": "the note gives 28,304,583; FAA CY2024 enplanements for LAS = 28,244,966 -- within 5%", "checked_on": "2026-09-18", "findings": 1}}, {"id": "visitor_airport_ridehail_share", "label": "Of air arrivals, the share whose airport transfer is a hired ride", "value": 0.4, "unit": "share", "basis": "estimated", "why": "The rest rent a car, take a hotel or casino shuttle, ride a rail or bus link, or get a lift. This is judgement -- no federal file counts it -- but it is a narrow question about one airport rather than an open one about a whole city.", "math": "How many air-arriving parties hire their ride from the airport. Drawn 5 times independently with no web search, so that the run-to-run wobble is measured rather than hidden: 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.35. The MEDIAN, 0.4, is used; the draws spanned 0.35 to 0.4, a factor of 1.14. LAS is 12.3 miles from the centre with 28.2 million boardings and no rail, so many air parties use taxi or ride-hail even though rental cars and hotel or casino shuttles remain strong alternatives.", "source": null, "range": [0.05, 0.8], "editable": true, "theme": "demand", "depends_on": null}, {"id": "visitor_local_trips_per_stay", "label": "Hired rides a visiting party takes in town, per visit", "value": 1.3, "unit": "trips", "basis": "estimated", "why": "Trips during the stay, not counting the two airport transfers. A resort where everything is walkable from the hotel is low; a spread-out city is higher.", "math": "How many hired rides a visiting party takes while it is here, excluding the airport transfers. Drawn 5 times independently with no web search, so that the run-to-run wobble is measured rather than hidden: 1.2, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 1.3. The MEDIAN, 1.3, is used; the draws spanned 1.2 to 1.5, a factor of 1.25. 41.7 million visitors pack a 142-square-mile resort city where parties stay on a walkable Strip and casino campus, so extra ride-hail trips during the stay stay low.", "source": null, "range": [0.0, 5.0], "editable": true, "theme": "demand", "depends_on": null}, {"id": "visitor_trips_per_stay", "label": "Hired rides one visiting party takes per visit, all in", "value": 1.843, "unit": "trips", "basis": "estimated", "why": "Every hired ride one visiting PARTY takes on one visit, airport transfers included. Per party and per visit -- not per head and not per night. A party shares one car, so a count of visitors is never a count of rides.", "math": "Built from its parts rather than answered as one number, because answered as one number it came back 1.2 on one run and 3.5 on the next and moved the whole town's ride estimate by a factor of three. 2 airport transfers x 0.679 arriving by air x 0.400 of those hiring a ride = 0.543, plus 1.300 trips in town = 1.843 trips a party. Pushing every judgement piece to its own measured extreme gives a range of 1.44 to 2.26. CHANGE THIS FIRST IF YOU KNOW THE TOWN -- this and the monthly ride-hail share are the two numbers the whole estimate rests on, and this one is judgement about tourists that no federal file counts.", "source": null, "range": [0.0, 8.0], "editable": true, "theme": "demand", "depends_on": null}, {"id": "rides_per_day", "label": "Rides a day, whole town", "value": 93874, "unit": "rides/day", "basis": "estimated", "why": "Total app-hailed trips a day across every operator in the city -- the pool your fleet competes for a share of, not the number you will get.", "math": "Nobody publishes rides per day for a town this size, so this is built as a chain and every link is visible. People living here = 679817 (a published figure); Share of residents who are adults = 0.7757 (worked out from published figures); Local adults taking a ride-hail trip in a given month = 0.1373 (worked out from published figures); Trips a month, per local who rides at all that month = 2.6 (our estimate); Annual visitors = 41676300 (our estimate); Average visiting party size = 2.4 (a published figure); Hired rides one visiting party takes per visit, all in = 1.843 (our estimate). Residents: 679,817 people x 0.7757 adults = 527,334 adults; x 0.1373 who take a ride-hail trip in a given month = 72,403 people; x 2.6 trips each a month = 188,248 trips a month; divided by 30.4 days = 6,192 resident rides a day. Visitors: 41,676,300 a year / 2.4 people in a party = 17,365,125 visiting parties; x 1.843 ride-hail trips a party takes while it is here / 365 days = 87,682 visitor rides a day. A party shares one car, so a count of visitors is not a count of rides. Visitors are 93% of this total, so the answer turns on the visitor figures more than on the residents. Total: 93,874 rides a day across ALL operators, not just yours. RANGE, HONESTLY: running the same arithmetic with every judgement link at its own low bound gives 70,795 rides a day, and at its own high bound 125,381. The 93,874 above is the midpoint of a real range, not a measurement. The bounds are this run's own -- the panel's lowest and highest draws and the computed share's editable band -- so the width of this range is a report of how unsure the research was. Cross-check: 35,616 a day, converted from 13,000,000 a year, a published figure -- Nevada Taxicab Authority figure for Clark County 2024; rideshare totals are not published, so this is taxi-only and a lower-bound cross-check. This is a secondary source -- it republishes a figure it did not itself produce. OUR CHAIN IS 2.6 TIMES THAT, which is too far apart to ignore. One of the two is wrong and we do not know which, so treat this number as an order of magnitude, not a figure. It also falls outside our stated range entirely. Direction of uncertainty: this counts only app-hailed rides and ignores taxis, shuttles, non-emergency medical transport and the airport's own courtesy runs, so it is more likely low than high. It also assumes supply exists to meet the demand, which in a small town is often the binding constraint rather than demand itself.", "source": null, "range": [23469, 375497], "editable": true, "low": 70795, "high": 125381, "cross_check": {"has_cross_check": true, "label": "Reported taxi trips (cross-check)", "published_value": 13000000.0, "published_unit": "trips/year", "per_day": 35616.4, "basis": "sourced", "source": "https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/the-las-vegas-taxi-industry-was-hit-hard-by-rideshare-was-overregulation-to-blame", "source_date": "2025-12", "our_estimate_per_day": 93874, "ratio_ours_to_theirs": 2.64, "our_range_per_day": [23469, 375497], "cross_check_inside_our_range": false, "verdict": ["disagree", "the chain is 2.6x the published figure"]}, "theme": "people", "federal_check": {"verdict": "confirmed", "subject": "population", "claim": "679,817 people", "federal": "the note says 679,817; the Census file says Las Vegas city 679,817 (Census vintage 2025) -- within 5%", "checked_on": "2026-09-18", "findings": 1}}], "notes": {"power": "All utility figures are the July 1, 2026 Statement of Rates all-in totals (energy + delivery + listed riders). Clark County local government fee (~5% of subtotal) is extra and not in these numbers. Utility on-peak is only 3–6 summer evening hours, far narrower than 16:00–midnight, so the on-peak record overstates a typical evening blend. EVRR rider is the practical overnight window for car charging. EIA 2024 averages given in the brief are higher than current 2026 tariff totals.", "demand": "City proper population 679k and land area 141.865 sq mi are for Las Vegas city; tourism (41.7 M visitors) and the Strip sit largely in unincorporated Clark County, so visitor demand dwarfs resident demand. Taxi 13 M trips/year is published; TNC volumes are not. Adult share, no-vehicle share and commute facts were taken as given and used in the local step-downs.", "geography": "City of Las Vegas (pop 679817, 141.865 sq mi) is not the same geography as the Strip or the MSA. The Strip, Harry Reid Airport, Sphere, Allegiant Stadium and UNLV sit in unincorporated Paradise/adjacent CDPs, not in the city, but they dominate visitor demand a fleet serving Las Vegas would still cover. Equivalent-circle radius 6.72 mi understates downtown-to-northwest reach (~12 mi). Hospital bed counts for Sunrise vary by compiler (HCA 834, AHD staffed 850). College total is UNLV+CSN public headcount, not a city-limits-only campus sum. Airport ~700 daily departures is 258,530 FY2025 departures/365; the ACFR also prints 1,135 daily commercial operations, which would imply a lower one-way count. CES attendance was 148,392 in January 2026 (CTA audit).", "_superseded": ["clean_biohazard_cost", "clean_deep_cost", "clean_wipe_cost", "depot_rent_month", "insurance_base_month", "insurance_per_car_month", "labour_note"], "costs": "For-hire in Las Vegas splits three ways: Clark County taxis (Taxicab Authority, lower insurance 100/300/10), NTA limousines/charters ($1.5M CSL, CPCN hearing), and TNC/rideshare (NRS 690B.470 $1.5M in-service; Clark County $25–$70 driver license). The $907/mo insurance quote is taxi coverage at 100/300/100, not $1.5M CSL. Depot figure is industrial/flex NNN, not Strip retail. Median household income was not used to scale these local prices. Electricity is usually extra on NNN industrial leases."}, "gaps": ["visitor_air_arrival_share: downgraded to an estimate because 'visitors_year', which it is derived from, lost its citation", "rides_per_day: the chain (93,874/day) and the published cross-check (35,616/day) disagree by 2.6x -- the estimate is an order of magnitude only"], "counts": {"total": 78, "sourced": 30, "derived": 30, "estimated": 18}, "applies_to_game": {"overrides": 10, "how": "A record carrying `game_id` replaces that id in the game's assumptions.js when this city is selected. The rest of the pack is city context the model has no slot for yet -- rides per day, the trip-length split, the airport's traffic, the demand generators -- and is stated rather than quietly mapped onto something it is not.", "unmapped": ["adult_share", "airport_code", "airport_distance_mi", "airport_flights_note", "airport_name", "airport_passengers_year", "airport_traffic_change_pct", "city_radius_mi", "climate_station", "college_enrollment", "commute_drove_alone_share", "commute_taxi_ridehail_share", "commute_transit_share", "commute_wfh_share", "density", "district_count", "districts_note", "events_note", "generators_note", "geography_type", "hospital_beds", "insurance_min_liability", "labour_note", "land_area_sqmi", "local_cleaner_wage", "local_labour_index", "local_rent_index", "mean_commute_minutes", "median_household_income", "metro_population", "night_share", "no_vehicle_share", "parking_month", "population", "power_state_avg", "power_state_avg_commercial", "power_state_avg_ytd", "power_tou_note", "power_utility", "power_utility_alternatives", "power_utility_rate", "power_utility_rate_commercial", "precip_year_in", "registration_note", "ridehail_active_share_of_users", "ridehail_ever_share", "ridehail_local_multiplier", "ridehail_month_share", "ridehail_present", "rides_per_day", "rides_reported", "snow_days_year", "snow_year_in", "temp_annual_avg_f", "temp_coldest_month_avg_f", "temp_hottest_month_avg_f", "transit_note", "trip_mi_avg", "trip_mi_long_share", "trip_mi_short_share", "trips_per_user_month", "visitor_air_arrival_share", "visitor_airport_ridehail_share", "visitor_local_trips_per_stay", "visitor_party_size", "visitor_trips_per_stay", "visitors_year", "wet_days_year"]}, "source_mix": {"with_a_citation": 30, "primary": 23, "secondary": 7, "tier_unknown": 0, "no_citation_derived_or_estimated": 48, "read_from_a_federal_bulk_file": 42, "how": "A `primary` citation is the body that produced the figure -- a .gov file, or the utility, airport or operator publishing its own number. `secondary` is somebody re-publishing a number they did not produce. Records with no citation are the derived and estimated ones, and their working is in `math`."}, "bulk_sources": {"records": 42, "records_needing_no_citation_check": 17, "record_ids": ["adult_share", "airport_code", "airport_distance_mi", "airport_name", "airport_passengers_year", "airport_traffic_change_pct", "clean_biohazard_cost", "clean_deep_cost", "clean_wipe_cost", "climate_station", "commute_drove_alone_share", "commute_taxi_ridehail_share", "commute_transit_share", "commute_wfh_share", "density", "depot_rent_month", "insurance_base_month", "insurance_per_car_month", "labour_note", "land_area_sqmi", "local_cleaner_wage", "local_labour_index", "local_rent_index", "mean_commute_minutes", "median_household_income", "metro_population", "no_vehicle_share", "population", "power_state_avg", "power_state_avg_commercial", "power_state_avg_ytd", "power_utility", "power_utility_alternatives", "power_utility_rate", "power_utility_rate_commercial", "precip_year_in", "snow_days_year", "snow_year_in", "temp_annual_avg_f", "temp_coldest_month_avg_f", "temp_hottest_month_avg_f", "wet_days_year"], "how": "These came out of national files that cover every city in the country. The file is downloaded ONCE and shared by every city in the run; the city is matched to its row by a key -- a place or county FIPS code, an FAA airport identifier, or a coordinate -- never by name. They do not go through the citation verifier, because there is no cited page to check: the federal file is the source. 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That is the half of a pack no federal file will ever carry, and it is the half worth having: Dover, Tennessee is a town of 1,918 people in the federal files and nothing more, and what makes it interesting is that 84% of its rides are visitors to Fort Donelson National Battlefield.", "derived_rather_than_researched": "Cleaning, depot rent and insurance USED to be researched and are not any more. They are manual-service prices that nobody publishes, because maintaining a price page is work and the price is whatever the owner says on the day. Searching for them found nothing at all in the smallest town and found ONE detailer's advertised price in the others, which was then stamped `sourced` -- a claim of rigour a sample of one does not have. Each is now a national published baseline times a published local index (BLS area wages for hand work, ACS median gross rent for property, NAIC state expenditure for insurance), with the arithmetic in `math`. See local_costs.py."}, "verification": {"bulk_records": 42, "bulk_needing_no_verification": 17, "citations_checked": 20, "citations_passed": 13, "citations_failed": 7, "primary": 6, "secondary": 7, "derived_downgraded": 1, "method": "Every record the model returned as 'sourced' had its cited URL fetched. The page had to load, and the figure had to be in its text within 400 characters of one of the record's own keywords. 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"insurance_per_car_month", "basis_in": "derived", "url": null, "status": null, "url_ok": null, "figure_ok": null, "tier": "primary", "detail": "read out of the federal file named in its source", "action": "not checked (read straight from a federal bulk file)"}, {"id": "power_offpeak", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://www.nvenergy.com/publish/content/dam/nvenergy/brochures_arch/about-nvenergy/rates-regulatory/electric-schedules-south/StatementofRates.pdf", "status": 200, "url_ok": true, "figure_ok": true, "tier": "primary", "detail": "the exact quoted text is on the page", "action": "kept"}, {"id": "power_mid", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://www.nvenergy.com/publish/content/dam/nvenergy/brochures_arch/about-nvenergy/rates-regulatory/electric-schedules-south/StatementofRates.pdf", "status": 200, "url_ok": true, "figure_ok": true, "tier": "primary", "detail": "the exact quoted text is on the page", "action": "kept"}, {"id": "power_onpeak", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://www.nvenergy.com/publish/content/dam/nvenergy/brochures_arch/about-nvenergy/rates-regulatory/electric-schedules-south/StatementofRates.pdf", "status": 200, "url_ok": true, "figure_ok": true, "tier": "primary", "detail": "the exact quoted text is on the page", "action": "kept"}, {"id": "power_dcfc", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://dcfctracker.com/stations/330680", "status": 200, "url_ok": true, "figure_ok": true, "tier": "secondary", "detail": "the exact quoted text is on the page", "action": "kept"}, {"id": "power_tou_note", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://www.nvenergy.com/about-nvenergy/rates-regulatory/electric-schedules-south", "status": 200, "url_ok": true, "figure_ok": false, "tier": "primary", "detail": "the cited page loads but does not carry the figure (the page carries only 0 of the 8 distinctive words in this note)", "action": "demoted to estimated"}, {"id": "ridehail_present", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/the-las-vegas-taxi-industry-was-hit-hard-by-rideshare-was-overregulation-to-blame", "status": 200, "url_ok": true, "figure_ok": true, "tier": "secondary", "detail": "the page carries 9 of the 14 distinctive words in this note", "action": "kept"}, {"id": "transit_note", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://www.rtcsnv.com/ways-to-travel/schedules-maps/", "status": 0, "url_ok": false, "figure_ok": null, "tier": "secondary", "detail": "the cited page could not be fetched (HTTP 403)", "action": "demoted to estimated"}, {"id": "trip_mi_avg", "basis_in": "estimated", "url": null, "status": null, "url_ok": null, "figure_ok": null, "tier": null, "detail": "", "action": "not checked (not a sourced record)"}, {"id": "trip_mi_short_share", "basis_in": "estimated", "url": null, "status": null, "url_ok": null, "figure_ok": null, "tier": null, "detail": "", "action": "not checked (not a sourced record)"}, {"id": "trip_mi_long_share", "basis_in": "estimated", "url": null, "status": null, "url_ok": null, "figure_ok": null, "tier": null, "detail": "", "action": "not checked (not a sourced record)"}, {"id": "night_share", "basis_in": "estimated", "url": null, "status": null, "url_ok": null, "figure_ok": null, "tier": null, "detail": "", "action": "not checked (not a sourced record)"}, {"id": "visitors_year", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://assets.simpleviewcms.com/simpleview/image/upload/v1/clients/lasvegas/ES_Dec2024_684d35ec-ba55-4b00-b568-60c496d69180.pdf", "status": 200, "url_ok": true, "figure_ok": false, "tier": "secondary", "detail": "the cited page loads but does not carry the figure (the digits 41,676,300 appear but nowhere near Visitor Volume -- not a citation for this figure)", "action": "demoted to estimated"}, {"id": "visitor_party_size", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://epubs.nsla.nv.gov/statepubs/epubs/442242-2024.pdf", "status": 200, "url_ok": true, "figure_ok": true, "tier": "primary", "detail": "the exact quoted text is on the page", "action": "kept"}, {"id": "rides_reported", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/the-las-vegas-taxi-industry-was-hit-hard-by-rideshare-was-overregulation-to-blame", "status": 200, "url_ok": true, "figure_ok": true, "tier": "secondary", "detail": "the exact quoted text is on the page", "action": "kept"}, {"id": "geography_type", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://www.lasvegasnevada.gov/News/Blog/Detail/explore-the-neighborhoods-of-las-vegas", "status": 200, "url_ok": true, "figure_ok": false, "tier": "primary", "detail": "the cited page loads but does not carry the figure (the page carries only 0 of the 2 distinctive words in this note)", "action": "demoted to estimated"}, {"id": "city_radius_mi", "basis_in": "derived", "url": null, "status": null, "url_ok": null, "figure_ok": null, "tier": null, "detail": "", "action": "not checked (not a sourced record)"}, {"id": "district_count", "basis_in": "estimated", "url": null, "status": null, "url_ok": null, "figure_ok": null, "tier": null, "detail": "", "action": "not checked (not a sourced record)"}, {"id": "districts_note", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://www.lasvegasnevada.gov/News/Blog/Detail/explore-the-neighborhoods-of-las-vegas", "status": 200, "url_ok": true, "figure_ok": true, "tier": "primary", "detail": "the page carries 14 of the 14 distinctive words in this note", "action": "kept"}, {"id": "airport_flights_note", "basis_in": "derived", "url": null, "status": null, "url_ok": null, "figure_ok": null, "tier": null, "detail": "", "action": "not checked (not a sourced record)"}, {"id": "generators_note", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://www.huduser.gov/portal/publications/pdf/LasVegasHendersonParadiseNV-CHMA-24.pdf", "status": 202, "url_ok": true, "figure_ok": false, "tier": "primary", "detail": "the cited page loads but does not carry the figure (no readable text on the page)", "action": "demoted to estimated"}, {"id": 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"secondary", "detail": "the cited page could not be fetched (HTTP 403)", "action": "demoted to estimated"}, {"id": "parking_month", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/casinos-gaming/how-much-does-it-cost-to-park-at-downtown-las-vegas-casinos-3283752/", "status": 200, "url_ok": true, "figure_ok": true, "tier": "secondary", "detail": "the exact quoted text is on the page", "action": "kept"}, {"id": "registration_note", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://dmv.nv.gov/regfees.htm", "status": 200, "url_ok": true, "figure_ok": true, "tier": "primary", "detail": "the page carries 11 of the 14 distinctive words in this note", "action": "kept"}, {"id": "ridehail_ever_share", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2019/01/04/more-americans-are-using-ride-hailing-apps/", "status": 200, "url_ok": true, "figure_ok": true, "tier": "secondary", "detail": "the exact quoted text is on the page", "action": "kept"}, {"id": "ridehail_active_share_of_users", "basis_in": "sourced", "url": "https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2019/01/04/more-americans-are-using-ride-hailing-apps/", "status": 200, "url_ok": true, "figure_ok": true, "tier": "secondary", "detail": "the exact quoted text is on the page", "action": "kept"}, {"id": "ridehail_local_multiplier", "basis_in": "derived", "url": null, "status": null, "url_ok": null, "figure_ok": null, "tier": null, "detail": "", "action": "not checked (not a sourced record)"}, {"id": "ridehail_month_share", "basis_in": "derived", "url": null, "status": null, "url_ok": null, "figure_ok": null, "tier": null, "detail": "", "action": "not checked (not a sourced record)"}, {"id": "trips_per_user_month", "basis_in": "estimated", "url": null, "status": null, "url_ok": null, "figure_ok": null, "tier": null, "detail": "", "action": "not checked (not a sourced record)"}, {"id": "visitor_air_arrival_share", "basis_in": "derived", "url": null, "status": null, "url_ok": null, "figure_ok": null, "tier": null, "detail": "", "action": "not checked (not a sourced record)"}, {"id": "visitor_airport_ridehail_share", "basis_in": "estimated", "url": null, "status": null, "url_ok": null, "figure_ok": null, "tier": null, "detail": "", "action": "not checked (not a sourced record)"}, {"id": "visitor_local_trips_per_stay", "basis_in": "estimated", "url": null, "status": null, "url_ok": null, "figure_ok": null, "tier": null, "detail": "", "action": "not checked (not a sourced record)"}, {"id": "visitor_trips_per_stay", "basis_in": "estimated", "url": null, "status": null, "url_ok": null, "figure_ok": null, "tier": null, "detail": "", "action": "not checked (not a sourced record)"}]}, "cost": {"calls": 9, "input_tokens": 1577044, "output_tokens": 66535, "web_searches": 93, "cost_usd": 3.9665, "seconds": 1188.6, "measured_on": "2026-09-07", "note": "measured when the research actually ran on 2026-09-07; rebuilding the pack from the saved answers costs nothing"}, "search_ceiling": {"scope": "las-vegas-nv", "searches_charged": 0, "search_ceiling": 200, "searches_left": 200, "calls_made": 0, "call_ceiling": 12, "search_enabled_calls": 0, "per_call_ceiling": 60, "charged_by_estimate": 0, "how_the_cli_is_charged": "The Grok CLI does not report how many web searches it made, so every search-enabled call is charged a flat 28 -- the measured mean of the runs this ceiling exists to prevent (668 searches over 24 search-enabled calls). It is deliberately the worst case, so the ceiling binds early rather than late.", "per_call_breaches": [], "refusals": [], "bound": false, "why": "Six cities on 2026-09-08 made 668 web searches between them and pulled 13,057,511 input tokens, because nothing counted them. This ceiling refuses a call the remaining budget cannot pay for. It is set well above the shape of a normal city on purpose: it is a guard rail against a loop that has run away, not a reason to ask fewer questions about the town. If it bound, the fields that went unresearched are named in `gaps`."}, "reproducibility": {"why": "Re-running the same research prompt for the same city used to return materially different judgement figures, and those figures dominate rides per day. Three variables were taken off the model and rebuilt: the monthly ride-hail share is now computed from a pinned national survey and two measured Census ratios; the per-party visitor trip rate is composed from narrower questions; and what judgement is left is drawn several times and reported as a median with its spread.", "computed_not_judged": ["ridehail_ever_share", "ridehail_active_share_of_users", "ridehail_local_multiplier", "ridehail_month_share", "visitor_air_arrival_share"], "panel_draws": 5, "panel": {"visitor_airport_ridehail_share": {"median": 0.4, "draws": [0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.35], "min": 0.35, "max": 0.4, "spread_x": 1.14}, "visitor_local_trips_per_stay": {"median": 1.3, "draws": [1.2, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 1.3], "min": 1.2, "max": 1.5, "spread_x": 1.25}, "trips_per_user_month": {"median": 2.6, "draws": [2.5, 2.5, 2.6, 3.0, 2.7], "min": 2.5, "max": 3.0, "spread_x": 1.2}}, "panel_answers_clipped_to_bounds": [], "rides_per_day_range": [70795, 125381]}, "cross_check": {"has_cross_check": true, "label": "Reported taxi trips (cross-check)", "published_value": 13000000.0, "published_unit": "trips/year", "per_day": 35616.4, "basis": "sourced", "source": "https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/the-las-vegas-taxi-industry-was-hit-hard-by-rideshare-was-overregulation-to-blame", "source_date": "2025-12", "our_estimate_per_day": 93874, "ratio_ours_to_theirs": 2.64, "our_range_per_day": [23469, 375497], "cross_check_inside_our_range": false, "verdict": ["disagree", "the chain is 2.6x the published figure"]}, "replayed_from_saved_research": true, "summary": "This is a planning tool, not a prediction. Of the 78 numbers behind a season in Las Vegas, 30 are published figures, 30 are worked out from published figures, and 18 are our own estimates. 42 of them were read straight out of a federal file that covers every city in the country, so there was no citation to trust and no page to misread. You can change any of them. Your result is only as good as the numbers you agree with.", "federal_cross_check": {"rule": "Every research claim about charging stations, population or airports is checked against a federal bulk file the pipeline already holds on disk: chargers against the DOE/AFDC station snapshot (open, public sites within 10 straight-line miles of the Census town center), population against the Census place and county estimates, airports against the FAA enplanement file. Confirmed means the federal file agrees within tolerance (a stall count within 25% or one stall; a figure within 5%). Disputed means the federal file holds a different figure -- both are printed and the pack keeps its own citation. Unconfirmed means the federal file has no record of the thing claimed, which is never treated as false: the locator is voluntary submission and grant-funded sites lag it. Hospital claims are not checked because no federal hospital file is cached. A planned or permitted site never counts as present.", "checked_on": "2026-09-18", "town_center": [36.233499, -115.264037], "geoid": "3240000", "files": {"chargers": {"name": "US DOE Alternative Fuels Data Center station locator", "snapshot": "2026-09-16", "rows": "89386", "views": "dcfc_public / l2_public (status E, public, unrestricted)", "path": "../../american_adventurer/data/camp_leads.sqlite"}, "population": {"place": {"name": "Las Vegas city", "population": 679817, "vintage": "2025", "file": "sub-est2025.csv", "read_on": "2026-09-07"}, "county": {"name": "Clark County", "population": 2407226, "vintage": "2025", "file": "co-est2025-alldata.csv", "read_on": "2026-09-07"}, "name": "US Census Bureau population estimates, vintage 2025"}, "airports": {"name": "FAA CY2024 commercial service enplanements + FAA airport layer", "read_on": "2026-09-07"}, "hospitals": {"skipped": "no federal hospital file is cached (CMS Hospital General Information would be the file; it is not fetched by this rule)"}}, "federal_chargers_within_10mi": {"dcfc_sites": 34, "dcfc_ports": 298, "dcfc_list": [{"name": "Las Vegas, NV - West Craig Road - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 20, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 0.9, "open_date": "2023-11-07"}, {"name": "Team Ford", "network": "SYNERGEV", "ports": 4, "connectors": "J1772 J1772COMBO", "miles": 2.0, "open_date": "2026-04-01"}, {"name": "Las Vegas NV - West Tropical Parkway - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 8, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 2.6, "open_date": "2022-11-19"}, {"name": "L446 1", "network": "ChargePoint Network", "ports": 1, "connectors": "CHADEMO J1772COMBO", "miles": 2.7, "open_date": "2023-03-25"}, {"name": "L446 2", "network": "ChargePoint Network", "ports": 1, "connectors": "CHADEMO J1772COMBO", "miles": 2.8, "open_date": "2023-03-25"}, {"name": "JIM MARSH WEST SIDE", "network": "ChargePoint Network", "ports": 1, "connectors": "J1772COMBO", "miles": 3.1, "open_date": "2022-08-19"}, {"name": "Target T1462 (Las Vegas, NV)", "network": "Electrify America", "ports": 6, "connectors": "J1772COMBO", "miles": 3.2, "open_date": "2024-12-17"}, {"name": "Walmart 3655 (Summerlin, NV)", "network": "Electrify America", "ports": 4, "connectors": "CHADEMO J1772COMBO", "miles": 3.5, "open_date": "2021-04-09"}, {"name": "WinCo Las Vegas #113", "network": "eVgo Network", "ports": 4, "connectors": "CHADEMO J1772COMBO", "miles": 4.0, "open_date": "2022-06-30"}, {"name": "Friendly Ford Body Shop", "network": "SYNERGEV", "ports": 2, "connectors": "J1772COMBO", "miles": 4.5, "open_date": "2026-04-01"}, {"name": "Las Vegas, NV - Tivoli Village - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 8, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 4.6, "open_date": "2019-05-24"}, {"name": "Las Vegas, NV - South Rampart Boulevard - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 12, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 4.7, "open_date": "2023-02-01"}, {"name": "Friendly Ford", "network": "SYNERGEV", "ports": 2, "connectors": "J1772COMBO", "miles": 5.0, "open_date": "2026-04-01"}, {"name": "Las Vegas, NV - South Decatur Boulevard - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 20, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 5.3, "open_date": "2024-03-20"}, {"name": "North Las Vegas Rechargery Relay - W Centennial Pkwy", "network": "IONNA", "ports": 6, "connectors": "J1772COMBO TESLA", "miles": 5.6, "open_date": "2026-02-17"}, {"name": "Las Vegas, NV - West Charleston Boulevard - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 16, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 6.5, "open_date": "2023-08-12"}, {"name": "Las Vegas, NV - 3821 West Charleston Boulevard - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 16, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 6.6, "open_date": "2025-02-07"}, {"name": "FINDLAY AUTO ABB STATION2", "network": "ChargePoint Network", "ports": 1, "connectors": "J1772COMBO", "miles": 6.8, "open_date": "2024-10-30"}, {"name": "FINDLAY AUTO ABB STATION1", "network": "ChargePoint Network", "ports": 1, "connectors": "J1772COMBO", "miles": 6.8, "open_date": "2024-10-30"}, {"name": "Cadillac of Las Vegas", "network": "EV Connect", "ports": 1, "connectors": "J1772COMBO", "miles": 6.9, "open_date": "2023-11-17"}, {"name": "Las Vegas, NV - South Town Center Drive - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 8, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 7.0, "open_date": "2025-05-08"}, {"name": "Las Vegas, NV - Grand Central Parkway - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 8, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 7.5, "open_date": "2020-06-26"}, {"name": "North Las Vegas, NV - East Lake Mead South Boulevard - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 24, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 7.8, "open_date": "2025-05-07"}, {"name": "North Las Vegas, NV - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 12, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 8.3, "open_date": "2023-10-18"}, {"name": "Las Vegas, NV - Bridger Avenue - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 6, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 8.4, "open_date": "2014-02-19"}, {"name": "Sam's Club 4974 (North Las Vegas, NV)", "network": "Electrify America", "ports": 4, "connectors": "CHADEMO J1772COMBO", "miles": 8.5, "open_date": "2021-04-28"}, {"name": "Target T1524 (Spring Valley, NV)", "network": "Electrify America", "ports": 4, "connectors": "CHADEMO J1772COMBO", "miles": 8.6, "open_date": "2021-10-27"}, {"name": "Resort World Las Vegas", "network": "AUTEL", "ports": 20, "connectors": "J1772 J1772COMBO", "miles": 8.7, "open_date": "2025-01-10"}, {"name": "Fountainebleau", "network": "NAYAX_ENERGY", "ports": 20, "connectors": "J1772COMBO", "miles": 8.7, "open_date": "2025-12-15"}, {"name": "Forum Shops at Caesars Palace (Las Vegas, NV)", "network": "Electrify America", "ports": 6, "connectors": "J1772COMBO", "miles": 9.2, "open_date": "2021-07-09"}, {"name": "Las Vegas, NV - Paradise Road - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 12, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 9.5, "open_date": "2023-06-29"}, {"name": "Las Vegas, NV - High Roller at LINQ - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 24, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 9.7, "open_date": "2019-07-18"}, {"name": "Las Vegas, NV - South Fort Apache Road - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 8, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 9.8, "open_date": "2023-11-23"}, {"name": "Las Vegas, NV - Cambridge St - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 8, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 9.9, "open_date": "2023-05-26"}], "l2_sites": 141, "l2_ports": 471, "nearest_dcfc": {"name": "Las Vegas, NV - West Craig Road - Tesla Supercharger", "network": "Tesla", "ports": 20, "connectors": "TESLA", "miles": 0.9, "city": "Las Vegas", "state": "NV"}}, "counts": {"confirmed": 4, "disputed": 0, "unconfirmed": 0, "skipped_no_file": 3, "claims": 7, "records_touched": 6, "records_read_from_a_federal_file_not_rechecked": 42}, "findings": [{"record": "power_dcfc", "field": "why", "subject": "chargers", "claim": "EVgo fast charging here", "claim_text": "EVgo public DC fast charger (Winterwood Pavilion, 2226 S Nellis Blvd, Las Vegas;", "verdict": "confirmed", "federal": "the snapshot lists WinCo Las Vegas #113 (eVgo Network, 4 fast ports, 4.0 mi)", "tolerance": "within 10 straight-line miles of the Census town center; a stall count within 25% or one stall"}, {"record": "power_dcfc", "field": "why", "subject": "chargers", "claim": "10 fast-charging stalls", "claim_text": "10 stalls to 350 kW).", "verdict": "confirmed", "federal": "the note counts 10 stalls; the snapshot lists Las Vegas NV - West Tropical Parkway - Tesla Supercharger with 8 fast ports 2.6 mi from the town center (TESLA)", "tolerance": "within 10 straight-line miles of the Census town center; a stall count within 25% or one stall"}, {"record": "generators_note", "field": "value", "subject": "hospitals", "claim": "hospital bed count", "claim_text": "Sunrise Hospital (~834 beds), UMC (Level I trauma), UNLV (~33,600 students), CSN (~30,700), MGM Resorts 50,000+ and Caesars 20,000+ employees, Strip casinos, Allegiant Stadium, Sphere, Las Vegas Convention Center", "verdict": "skipped", "federal": "no federal hospital file is cached (CMS Hospital General Information would be the file; it is not fetched by this rule)", "tolerance": ""}, {"record": "hospital_beds", "field": "why", "subject": "hospitals", "claim": "hospital bed count", "claim_text": "Staffed/listed beds at Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center, the largest acute-care hospital in Las Vegas;", "verdict": "skipped", "federal": "no federal hospital file is cached (CMS Hospital General Information would be the file; it is not fetched by this rule)", "tolerance": ""}, {"record": "visitor_air_arrival_share", "field": "math", "subject": "airports", "claim": "28,304,583 passengers or enplanements", "claim_text": "28,304,583 boardings across the 2 commercial airports within 35 miles (LAS 28,244,966 at 12 mi, BVU 59,617 at 30 mi) in calendar 2024 (FAA, a federal file) divided by 41,676,300 visitors a year = 0.679.", "verdict": "confirmed", "federal": "the note gives 28,304,583; FAA CY2024 enplanements for LAS = 28,244,966 -- within 5%", "tolerance": "within 5%"}, {"record": "rides_per_day", "field": "math", "subject": "population", "claim": "679,817 people", "claim_text": "Residents: 679,817 people x 0.7757 adults = 527,334 adults;", "verdict": "confirmed", "federal": "the note says 679,817; the Census file says Las Vegas city 679,817 (Census vintage 2025) -- within 5%", "tolerance": "within 5%"}, {"record": "notes.geography", "field": "text", "subject": "hospitals", "claim": "hospital bed count", "claim_text": "Hospital bed counts for Sunrise vary by compiler (HCA 834, AHD staffed 850).", "verdict": "skipped", "federal": "no federal hospital file is cached (CMS Hospital General Information would be the file; it is not fetched by this rule)", "tolerance": ""}]}, "citation_recheck": {"on": "2026-09-24", "how": "Every citation this pack's build-time check reported as failed was fetched again by hand on 2026-09-24: one request at a time, with the header set a real browser sends, a pause between hosts, a retry with a back-off on 403, 429 and 5xx, and redirects followed and recorded.", "counts": {"rechecked": 7, "gone": 0, "moved": 0, "blocked": 1, "flaky": 0, "answers_normally": 6, "passes_the_same_test_now": 1, "still_fails_the_same_test": 5, "could_not_be_read_today": 1}, "what_this_means": "A citation counted as failed at build time is not the same thing as a dead link. None of this pack's failed citations is a dead page. Where the URL answers and the same test now passes, the original failure was our own fetch being refused, not the source.", "citations": [{"record": "generators_note", "url": "https://www.huduser.gov/portal/publications/pdf/LasVegasHendersonParadiseNV-CHMA-24.pdf", "url_today": "answers normally", "detail_today": "HTTP 200 on the first attempt", "build_time_verdict": "the cited page loads but does not carry the figure (no readable text on the page)", "same_test_now": "passes", "same_test_detail": "the page carries 10 of the 14 distinctive words in this note"}, {"record": "geography_type", "url": "https://www.lasvegasnevada.gov/News/Blog/Detail/explore-the-neighborhoods-of-las-vegas", "url_today": "answers normally", "detail_today": "HTTP 200 on the first attempt", "build_time_verdict": "the cited page loads but does not carry the figure (the page carries only 0 of the 2 distinctive words in this note)", "same_test_now": "still fails", "same_test_detail": "the page carries only 0 of the 2 distinctive words in this note"}, {"record": "hospital_beds", "url": "https://careers.hcahealthcare.com/jobs/17157096-vice-president-emergency-services", "url_today": "answers normally", "detail_today": "HTTP 200 on the first attempt", "build_time_verdict": "never fetched: the cited page could not be fetched (HTTP 403)", "same_test_now": "still fails", "same_test_detail": "the digits 844 appear, but the record gave no words naming what they measure, so there is no way to tell this figure from any other number on the page"}, {"record": "insurance_min_liability", "url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/nevada/chapter-690b/statute-690b-470/", "url_today": "answers normally", "detail_today": "HTTP 200 on the first attempt", "build_time_verdict": "never fetched: the cited page could not be fetched (HTTP 403)", "same_test_now": "still fails", "same_test_detail": "the page carries only 0 of the 6 distinctive words in this note"}, {"record": "power_tou_note", "url": "https://www.nvenergy.com/about-nvenergy/rates-regulatory/electric-schedules-south", "url_today": "answers normally", "detail_today": "HTTP 200 on the first attempt", "build_time_verdict": "the cited page loads but does not carry the figure (the page carries only 0 of the 8 distinctive words in this note)", "same_test_now": "still fails", "same_test_detail": "the page carries only 0 of the 8 distinctive words in this note"}, {"record": "transit_note", "url": "https://www.rtcsnv.com/ways-to-travel/schedules-maps/", "url_today": "blocked -- the host refuses our client", "detail_today": "HTTP 403 on every one of 4 attempts", "build_time_verdict": "never fetched: the cited page could not be fetched (HTTP 403)", "same_test_now": null, "same_test_detail": "the page could not be read today either"}, {"record": "visitors_year", "url": "https://assets.simpleviewcms.com/simpleview/image/upload/v1/clients/lasvegas/ES_Dec2024_684d35ec-ba55-4b00-b568-60c496d69180.pdf", "url_today": "answers normally", "detail_today": "HTTP 200 on the first attempt", "build_time_verdict": "the cited page loads but does not carry the figure (the digits 41,676,300 appear but nowhere near Visitor Volume -- not a citation for this figure)", "same_test_now": "still fails", "same_test_detail": "the digits 41,676,300 appear but nowhere near Visitor Volume -- not a citation for this figure"}]}}, "ok": true}